Charlotte Auerbach (1899-1994) was a German-British geneticist known for her pioneering work in mutagenesis, the study of agents that cause mutations in DNA. She was born on May 14, 1899, in Krefeld, Germany.

Key Contributions and Achievements:

1. Discovering Mutagenesis: Auerbach conducted groundbreaking research on chemical mutagens, substances that can induce changes in the genetic material of organisms. She was one of the first scientists to investigate the mutagenic effects of chemical compounds.
2. Nitrous Acid Studies: Auerbach’s early research involved studying the mutagenic properties of nitrous acid, a chemical known to cause mutations in the DNA of bacteria. Her work demonstrated that chemicals could alter the genetic material of organisms and paved the way for further research on mutagenesis.
3. World War II: Auerbach fled Germany in 1933 due to the rise of the Nazi regime, and she settled in England. During World War II, she worked on research related to chemical warfare agents and their effects on DNA.
4. Mustard Gas Studies: Auerbach also investigated the mutagenic effects of mustard gas, a chemical weapon used during World War II. Her research on the mutagenic properties of mustard gas and related compounds contributed to the understanding of DNA damage caused by chemical agents.
5. Radiation Studies: Later in her career, Auerbach focused on the mutagenic effects of ionizing radiation, such as X-rays and gamma rays. Her work helped establish the link between radiation exposure and genetic mutations.
6. Genetics Education: Auerbach was a dedicated educator and mentor, and she played a significant role in training the next generation of geneticists. She taught at the University of Edinburgh and was influential in promoting the field of genetics.
7. Awards and Honors: Auerbach received several prestigious awards for her contributions to genetics and mutagenesis, including the Royal Society’s Darwin Medal and the Albert Lasker Special Achievement Award in Medical Science.

Charlotte Auerbach’s research on chemical mutagens and their effects on DNA significantly advanced the field of genetics and laid the groundwork for later studies on the causes of genetic mutations. Her work on the mutagenic effects of chemicals and radiation has had implications in fields such as cancer research and environmental health. She remains an important figure in the history of genetics and mutagenesis.