The term “Aegean Civilization” refers to the collective cultural and historical developments that took place around the Aegean Sea in the Bronze Age. This region, encompassing the islands and mainland areas of Greece, as well as parts of western Turkey, played host to several distinct and interconnected civilizations. The major Aegean civilizations include the Cycladic, Minoan, and Mycenaean cultures.

1. Cycladic Civilization (circa 3300–2000 BCE):
   • The Cycladic Islands, located in the central Aegean Sea, were home to an early Bronze Age civilization.
   • Known for their distinctive marble figurines, often representing human figures with abstract features.
   • Engaged in maritime trade and had social structures centered around small farming and fishing communities.
2. Minoan Civilization (circa 2600–1100 BCE):
   • Centered on the island of Crete, the Minoans were known for their advanced culture, vibrant art, and maritime activities.
   • The palace complex of Knossos, with its labyrinthine architecture, is a notable archaeological site.
   • Flourished during the Bronze Age and engaged in extensive trade with Egypt and other Eastern Mediterranean civilizations.
   • Known for unique frescoes, pottery, and the development of Linear A script (yet to be deciphered).
3. Mycenaean Civilization (circa 1600–1100 BCE):
   • Emerged on the mainland of Greece, with major centers such as Mycenae, Tiryns, and Pylos.
   • Known for massive fortifications, including the famous Lion Gate at Mycenae.
   • Engaged in both maritime trade and military conquests, with evidence of contact with the Minoans.
   • The Mycenaean Linear B script has been deciphered, revealing administrative and economic records.
   • The Mycenaean civilization is often associated with the legendary events of the Trojan War.
4. Collapse and the Greek Dark Ages (circa 1200–800 BCE):
   • The Aegean civilizations experienced a period of decline and collapse around 1200 BCE.
   • Possible factors include invasions, migrations, and disruptions in trade networks.
   • This led to a period often referred to as the Greek Dark Ages, characterized by a decline in population, literacy, and cultural activities.

The Aegean civilizations laid the foundation for ancient Greek culture, influencing later Greek city-states and the classical period. The intricate art, advanced architecture, and maritime prowess of the Cycladic, Minoan, and Mycenaean cultures left a lasting impact on the history and culture of the region. The later classical Greek civilization, which emerged in the 5th century BCE, drew inspiration from these earlier Aegean cultures.