Antimony(V) oxide, also known as antimony pentoxide, is a chemical compound with the chemical formula Sb2O5. It is an important and versatile compound of antimony and oxygen.

Here are some key points about antimony(V) oxide:

1. Structure: Antimony(V) oxide consists of two antimony (Sb) atoms bonded to five oxygen (O) atoms in the form of Sb2O5.
2. Preparation: Antimony(V) oxide can be prepared by heating antimony metal or antimony(III) oxide (Sb2O3) in the presence of air or oxygen gas.
3. Physical Properties: Antimony(V) oxide is a white or pale yellow powder, depending on its particle size and crystalline form.
4. Uses: Antimony(V) oxide has several applications in various industries. It is used as a flame retardant in plastics, textiles, and other materials. It also acts as a catalyst in certain chemical reactions, such as the production of polyester.
5. Flame Retardant: The flame-retardant properties of antimony(V) oxide are due to its ability to release antimony trioxide (Sb2O3) and antimony halides when exposed to high temperatures. These compounds interfere with the combustion process and suppress flames.
6. Safety Considerations: While antimony(V) oxide is relatively non-toxic, fine particles of the compound may cause respiratory irritation. Proper handling, including the use of personal protective equipment and ventilation, is advised.
7. Dimorphism: Antimony(V) oxide exists in two crystalline forms: the orthorhombic form, which is stable at lower temperatures, and the metastable cubic form, which forms at higher temperatures.

Antimony(V) oxide’s flame-retardant properties make it valuable in various industries, particularly in improving the fire resistance of materials. As with any chemical substance, appropriate safety measures should be observed to prevent respiratory irritation and other potential hazards.