Isomerism is a phenomenon in chemistry where two or more compounds have the same molecular formula but different structural arrangements or spatial orientations, resulting in distinct chemical and/or physical properties. Isomers are compounds that share the same number of atoms of each element but have different connectivity or arrangement of atoms within their molecules. There…

Chelation (pronounced key-LAY-shun) is a chemical process in which a molecule, typically an organic compound known as a chelating agent or chelator, forms coordination bonds with a metal ion by donating multiple lone pairs of electrons. The term “chelation” comes from the Greek word “chele,” which means “claw.” Chelating agents can surround a metal ion…

Ions are charged particles that form when atoms gain or lose electrons. They can be positively charged (cations) if they lose electrons, or negatively charged (anions) if they gain electrons. The process of forming ions involves changing the number of electrons in an atom’s outermost energy level, resulting in an electrically charged species. Here are…

A metallic bond is a type of chemical bond that occurs between metal atoms within a metallic substance. It is responsible for the unique properties of metals, such as their high electrical and thermal conductivity, malleability, ductility, and luster. Metallic bonding is characterized by the delocalization of electrons within a “sea” of positive metal ions.…

An ionic bond is a type of chemical bond that occurs between atoms when there is a significant difference in their electronegativities. It involves the transfer of electrons from one atom to another, resulting in the formation of oppositely charged ions. These ions are held together by the electrostatic attraction between the positively charged ion…

“Molecule” is a term used to describe a group of atoms that are chemically bonded together. Molecules are the smallest units of compounds that retain the chemical properties of those compounds. They can be composed of atoms of the same element (as in diatomic molecules like oxygen, O2) or different elements (as in water, H2O).…

Coordination number refers to the number of ligands that are directly bonded to a central metal atom or ion in a coordination complex. It defines the number of coordination sites available on the metal for ligand attachment. The coordination number determines the overall geometry of the complex and has implications for its physical and chemical…

The spectrochemical series is a ranking of ligands based on their ability to cause ligand field splitting in coordination complexes. It reflects the relative strength of the interaction between a ligand and a metal ion in terms of the energy separation between the metal’s d orbitals in the presence of that ligand. The spectrochemical series…

Transition metals are a group of elements located in the d-block of the periodic table. They are characterized by their partially filled d orbitals, which give rise to unique electronic, magnetic, and chemical properties. Transition metals exhibit a wide range of oxidation states and form complex compounds with a variety of ligands, making them essential…

Organometallic compounds are a class of compounds that contain at least one direct metal-carbon bond. These compounds bridge the fields of organic chemistry and inorganic chemistry, as they involve interactions between metal atoms or ions and organic ligands. Organometallic compounds have diverse structures and applications, ranging from catalysis and material science to medicinal chemistry. Here…