In anthropology and archaeology, a conchoidal flake refers to a fragment of stone removed from a larger core during lithic reduction, characterized by a distinctive curved, shell-like fracture pattern. This is central to the study of stone tool technology. 🌍 Definition Conchoidal Flake: A piece of stone detached from a core by percussion or pressure,…

In anthropology, the term concentration is used descriptively to indicate the density or clustering of cultural materials, people, or practices in a given space or context. It’s a flexible concept applied in archaeology, cultural studies, and social anthropology. 🌍 Definition Concentration: The relative abundance or clustering of artifacts, features, populations, or activities in a specific…

In anthropology and archaeology, the term concave is usually descriptive rather than conceptual—it refers to shapes, surfaces, or tool forms that curve inward. It’s applied in lithic technology, skeletal morphology, and material culture analysis. 🌍 Definition Concave: A surface or edge that curves inward, like the inside of a bowl. Anthropological Use: Used to describe…

In anthropology, computed axial tomography (CAT or CT scanning) is used as a non-invasive imaging technique to study human fossils, skeletal remains, and cultural materials, allowing researchers to reconstruct, analyze, and preserve them without physical damage. 🌍 Definition Computed Axial Tomography (CAT/CT): A medical imaging technology that uses X-rays and computer processing to create detailed…

In anthropology and archaeology, a compound tool refers to a tool made up of two or more functional parts joined together, often combining different materials or technologies. It is closely related to the idea of composite tools, but with a subtle distinction in emphasis: 🌍 Definition Compound Tool: An implement that integrates multiple tool elements…

In anthropology and archaeology, a composite tool is a tool made by combining multiple parts—often different materials—into a single functional implement. These tools represent a major technological advancement because they show planning, cooperation, and the ability to integrate diverse resources. 🌍 Definition Composite Tool: An artifact constructed from two or more distinct components (e.g., stone…

In anthropology, the term component has a specific meaning, especially in archaeology and cultural analysis. It refers to a discrete cultural unit or occupation level identified within a site or context. Think of it as a building block of cultural interpretation. 🌍 Definition Component (Archaeology): A cultural unit represented by artifacts, features, and ecofacts from…

In anthropology, “complex” refers to interconnected cultural traits or social systems that form larger, structured wholes—such as culture complexes or complex societies. It is used both to describe clusters of practices and to classify societies with stratification, specialization, and large-scale organization. 🌍 Culture Complex Definition: A culture complex is a constellation of related cultural traits—objects,…

Competition is a fundamental concept across anthropology, biology, economics, and social theory. It refers to the struggle between individuals, groups, or species for limited resources, status, or advantage. 🌍 Definition Competition: The process by which entities vie against each other to achieve goals that cannot be simultaneously attained. Core Idea: Resources (food, mates, land, prestige,…

Community identity in anthropology and sociology refers to the shared sense of belonging, values, and collective self-definition that binds members of a community together. It is how a group understands itself, expresses solidarity, and distinguishes itself from others. 🌍 Definition Community Identity: The collective identity formed through shared traditions, language, rituals, history, and social practices.…

Community is one of the most foundational concepts in anthropology, sociology, and cultural studies. It refers to a group of people who share common identity, interests, values, or geographic space, and who maintain social bonds through interaction and collective practices. 🌍 Definition Community: A social unit of people connected by shared ties—geographic, cultural, economic, or…

Communication is the process of transmitting information, ideas, emotions, or meaning between individuals or groups through shared systems of symbols, signs, or behavior. It’s one of the most fundamental human activities, shaping culture, society, and knowledge. 🌍 Definition Communication: The exchange of messages through verbal, nonverbal, written, or technological means. Core Elements: Sender → Message…