Cerium(III) sulfide, with the chemical formula Ce2S3, is an inorganic compound composed of the rare-earth metal cerium and sulfur. It is part of a group of compounds known as cerium(III) salts, where cerium is in its +3 oxidation state.

Properties of Cerium(III) Sulfide:

• Appearance: Cerium(III) sulfide is a dark brown to black solid, depending on its purity and particle size.
• Solubility: It is sparingly soluble in water and most common acids.

Preparation and Reactions: Cerium(III) sulfide can be prepared by reacting cerium(III) chloride or cerium(III) nitrate with hydrogen sulfide gas:

CeCl3 + 3H2S → Ce2S3 + 6HCl

Like other cerium(III) salts, cerium(III) sulfide can undergo various reactions with other compounds, forming different cerium-based compounds with specific properties.

Applications: Cerium(III) sulfide itself does not have significant commercial applications, and its usage is limited compared to other cerium compounds like cerium(III) oxide or cerium(III) sulfate. However, like other cerium-based materials, it can serve as a precursor in the synthesis of other cerium compounds or cerium-doped materials with specific uses.

Safety Considerations: As with all chemicals, cerium(III) sulfide should be handled with care, and safety precautions should be followed. It is essential to consult the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for specific safety information.