Copper(II) sulfate, with the chemical formula CuSO4, is an inorganic compound containing copper in its +2 oxidation state, bonded to four oxygen atoms and one sulfate ion (SO4^2-). It is also known as cupric sulfate or copper sulfate.

Preparation of Copper(II) Sulfate: Copper(II) sulfate can be prepared by the reaction of copper metal or copper oxide (CuO) with sulfuric acid (H2SO4):

Cu + H2SO4 → CuSO4 + H2O + SO2

CuO + H2SO4 → CuSO4 + H2O

Another method involves the reaction of copper(II) hydroxide (Cu(OH)2) with sulfuric acid:

Cu(OH)2 + H2SO4 → CuSO4 + 2 H2O

Properties and Uses of Copper(II) Sulfate:

• Appearance: Copper(II) sulfate exists in various forms depending on its hydration state. The most common forms are the anhydrous form (CuSO4), the monohydrate (CuSO4·H2O), and the pentahydrate (CuSO4·5H2O). The hydrated forms are blue crystals, while the anhydrous form is a gray-white powder.
• Solubility: Copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate is highly soluble in water, while the anhydrous and monohydrate forms are less soluble.
• Applications: Copper(II) sulfate has several applications. It is commonly used as an agricultural fungicide and pesticide to control fungal diseases and algae growth. In the laboratory, it is used as a reagent for various chemical tests and reactions. It is also used in electroplating, as a mordant in dyeing and printing textiles, and in some educational demonstrations.

Safety Considerations: Copper(II) sulfate is generally considered to be of low to moderate toxicity. However, like other copper compounds, it should be handled with care, and safety precautions should be followed. Avoid inhaling the dust and prevent skin contact by wearing appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE).

As with all chemicals, it is essential to consult the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) and follow strict safety protocols when working with copper(II) sulfate.