Iron pentacarbonyl (Fe(CO)5​) is a chemical compound belonging to the family of metal carbonyl complexes. It consists of an iron (Fe) atom bonded to five carbon monoxide (CO) ligands. Iron pentacarbonyl is a volatile and air-sensitive compound with important applications in both industrial and laboratory settings.

Here are some key points about iron pentacarbonyl:

1. Structure: Iron pentacarbonyl consists of a central iron atom bonded to five carbon monoxide (CO) ligands. The CO ligands form a trigonal bipyramidal geometry around the iron atom.
2. Synthesis: Iron pentacarbonyl is typically synthesized by the reaction of finely divided iron or iron powder with carbon monoxide gas at elevated temperatures and pressures. The reaction is typically carried out in the presence of a catalyst, such as a transition metal salt.
3. Properties: Iron pentacarbonyl is a colorless liquid at room temperature, but it readily vaporizes to form a gas that is toxic and can be highly flammable. The compound has a distinctive sweet odor. It is sensitive to air and moisture, which can cause it to decompose.
4. Applications: Iron pentacarbonyl is used as a source of pure carbon monoxide gas in industrial processes and laboratory settings. It is also used as a precursor for the synthesis of other metal carbonyl complexes and as a catalyst in certain chemical reactions.
5. Toxicity and Handling: Iron pentacarbonyl is highly toxic and poses significant health risks if not handled properly. Inhalation of its vapors can lead to severe health effects, including poisoning. It requires careful handling under controlled conditions, preferably in a well-ventilated fume hood.
6. Reactivity: The CO ligands in iron pentacarbonyl can be displaced by other ligands in chemical reactions, resulting in the formation of different metal carbonyl complexes.

Due to its toxicity and reactivity, iron pentacarbonyl should only be handled by trained professionals in controlled environments. It is important to follow strict safety protocols and guidelines when working with this compound.