Jiahu is an archaeological site located in the Henan province of China. It is a significant Neolithic site that provides insights into early human culture in East Asia. The Jiahu site was excavated in the 1980s and 1990s, revealing evidence of an ancient settlement that dates back to around 7000–5700 BCE during the Peiligang culture and the later Yangshao culture.

Key findings and aspects of the Jiahu site include:

1. Domestication of Rice: One of the most notable discoveries at Jiahu is evidence of early rice cultivation. Researchers found carbonized rice grains and agricultural tools, suggesting that the inhabitants of Jiahu were among the early practitioners of rice cultivation in East Asia.
2. Early Alcoholic Beverages: Archaeologists also uncovered evidence of early alcohol production at Jiahu. Pottery jars discovered at the site contained residues of a fermented beverage made from rice, honey, and fruit. This finding provides some of the earliest evidence of alcohol production in the world.
3. Musical Instruments: Jiahu is known for the discovery of several bone flutes, making them among the oldest known musical instruments. The flutes are made from the wing bones of red-crowned cranes and have multiple holes, suggesting that they were capable of producing a range of musical notes.
4. Complex Society: The archaeological remains at Jiahu indicate the presence of a relatively complex society with settled agriculture, ritual practices, and cultural activities. The site features dwellings, pottery, burials, and artifacts associated with daily life.
5. Artifacts and Pottery: Excavations at Jiahu unearthed various artifacts, including pottery vessels with intricate designs and symbols. Some of the pottery is painted with representations of animals, plants, and geometric patterns.
6. Burial Practices: The burial practices at Jiahu include both collective and individual burials. Some burials feature grave goods such as pottery vessels, stone tools, and ornaments, providing insights into the cultural practices and beliefs of the community.
7. Chronology: The Jiahu site is associated with both the Peiligang and Yangshao cultures, which were Neolithic cultures in ancient China. The transition between these cultures marked significant developments in agriculture, settlement patterns, and cultural practices.

The discoveries at Jiahu have contributed valuable information to the understanding of early agricultural practices, the domestication of plants, the development of complex societies, and the emergence of cultural activities such as music and alcohol production in ancient China. The site highlights the rich cultural history of East Asia during the Neolithic period.