Richard D. Alexander (1930-2018) was an American biologist known for his significant contributions to the fields of evolutionary biology, ethology, and animal behavior. He was a prominent researcher, writer, and professor, whose work had a lasting impact on the understanding of social behavior and evolutionary processes.

Key Contributions and Achievements:

1. Evolution of Social Behavior: Richard Alexander was particularly interested in the evolution of social behavior in animals, including humans. He explored how natural selection shapes social structures, mating systems, and cooperation among individuals in various species.
2. Theoretical Framework: Alexander’s work was influential in developing the theoretical framework of sociobiology, which focuses on the evolutionary basis of social behavior. His ideas contributed to a deeper understanding of the genetic and ecological factors that influence animal behavior.
3. Research on Reproductive Strategies: He conducted research on reproductive strategies in various animal species, including birds and mammals. His work shed light on the evolution of mating systems, parental care, and sexual selection.
4. Human Evolution: Alexander’s research also extended to human evolution and behavior. He explored the evolutionary roots of human sociality, including aspects of human cooperation and conflict.
5. Writings and Publications: Richard Alexander authored several books, including “The Biology of Moral Systems” (1987) and “Darwinism and Human Affairs” (1979), which explored the evolutionary origins of human moral and social behavior.
6. Academic Career: He held academic positions at various institutions, including the University of Michigan and the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), where he contributed to the development of evolutionary biology programs.
7. Legacy: Richard D. Alexander’s work significantly advanced the understanding of animal behavior and the role of natural selection in shaping social systems. His ideas continue to be influential in the study of evolutionary biology and the relationship between biology and human behavior.

Richard D. Alexander’s contributions to the fields of evolutionary biology and ethology have had a lasting impact on the scientific community. His research and writings have enriched our understanding of social behavior, cooperation, and conflict in the animal kingdom, as well as the evolutionary origins of human sociality.