Sigiriya, also known as the Lion Rock, is an ancient rock fortress located in the central Matale District of Sri Lanka. It is one of the country’s most iconic and visited landmarks, recognized for its historical and archaeological significance. Sigiriya is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and is often considered one of the best-preserved examples of ancient urban planning.

Key features of Sigiriya:

1. Rock Fortress: Sigiriya rises abruptly from the surrounding landscape, forming a massive rock column that reaches a height of approximately 660 feet (200 meters). The rock served as the foundation for a complex fortress and city built by King Kashyapa in the 5th century AD.
2. Lion’s Gate: The entrance to Sigiriya is through the Lion’s Gate, where a large gateway is flanked by two lion’s paws carved into the rock. Originally, the entrance was shaped like a lion’s head, giving the fortress its name. However, only the paws remain today.
3. Frescoes: The rock walls of Sigiriya feature a series of frescoes depicting celestial maidens, known as the Sigiriya maidens. These vibrant and well-preserved paintings provide insight into the artistic and cultural aspects of the ancient period.
4. Mirror Wall: The Mirror Wall, located near the frescoes, was once polished so thoroughly that the king could see his reflection in it. Visitors to Sigiriya over the centuries have left inscriptions and poems on this wall, some dating back to the 7th century.
5. The Royal Gardens: Surrounding the base of the rock, there are remnants of extensive gardens, water features, and pathways that were part of the ancient city. The planning and design of these gardens showcase advanced landscaping techniques of the time.
6. Summit and Citadel: At the summit of Sigiriya, there are the remains of the royal citadel, including foundations of structures, cisterns, and other features. The panoramic views from the top of Sigiriya provide a breathtaking perspective of the surrounding landscape.

The history of Sigiriya is closely tied to the reign of King Kashyapa I, who constructed the fortress as a defensive stronghold. After his death, the site was eventually abandoned and later used as a Buddhist monastery. Today, Sigiriya stands as a UNESCO-recognized site and attracts numerous tourists, historians, and archaeologists who are fascinated by its architectural marvels and historical significance.