Social geography is a subfield of geography that focuses on the spatial dimensions of social phenomena, including human behavior, culture, identity, inequality, and interaction. It examines how social processes and structures are influenced by and shape the physical environment, landscapes, and spatial patterns of human activity.

Key aspects of social geography include:

1. Spatial Inequality: Social geography investigates spatial patterns of inequality, including disparities in access to resources, services, and opportunities across different regions, neighborhoods, and communities. It examines how factors such as socioeconomic status, race, ethnicity, gender, and age intersect to produce uneven geographies of privilege and disadvantage.
2. Place Identity and Attachment: Social geography explores the ways in which individuals and communities develop attachments to specific places and spaces, and how these connections shape identity, belonging, and social cohesion. It examines the meanings and symbolism associated with places, as well as the role of memory, nostalgia, and heritage in shaping place-based identities.
3. Urban and Rural Spaces: Social geography examines the social dynamics of urban and rural spaces, including processes of urbanization, suburbanization, and rural change. It analyzes the social organization of cities, neighborhoods, and regions, as well as the impacts of urban planning, development, and gentrification on social relations and spatial inequality.
4. Cultural Landscapes: Social geography studies cultural landscapes—environments that have been shaped by human activity and carry cultural, historical, and symbolic significance. It investigates how cultural values, practices, and identities are expressed and represented in the built environment, architecture, and land use patterns.
5. Mobility and Migration: Social geography explores patterns of mobility, migration, and displacement, including the factors that influence individuals’ movement within and between places. It examines the social, economic, and political drivers of migration, as well as the impacts of migration on sending and receiving communities, identities, and landscapes.
6. Environmental Justice: Social geography addresses issues of environmental justice, including the unequal distribution of environmental hazards, resources, and amenities based on race, class, and other social factors. It examines struggles for environmental equity and the mobilization of communities to address environmental injustices and promote sustainable, equitable development.

Overall, social geography provides a spatial perspective on social processes and relationships, highlighting the interconnectedness of human activities, identities, and inequalities within the context of diverse landscapes and environments. It fosters interdisciplinary collaboration and dialogue among geographers, sociologists, anthropologists, planners, and other scholars to address pressing social and environmental challenges in a globalized world.