Zoroastrianism is one of the world’s oldest monotheistic religions, founded by the prophet Zoroaster (or Zarathustra) in ancient Persia (modern-day Iran) around the 6th century BCE. It is often considered the first revealed religion and has significantly influenced the development of major world religions.

Key features and beliefs of Zoroastrianism include:

1. Founder:
   • Zoroastrianism was founded by the prophet Zoroaster, who is believed to have lived in the 6th century BCE. The Gathas, hymns attributed to Zoroaster, form the core of the religion’s sacred texts.
2. Monotheism:
   • Zoroastrianism is a monotheistic religion, emphasizing the worship of one supreme and transcendent deity, Ahura Mazda. Ahura Mazda is considered the creator of the universe and the source of all goodness and truth.
3. Dualism:
   • Zoroastrianism introduces the concept of dualism, with Ahura Mazda representing the force of good and Angra Mainyu (Ahriman) representing the force of evil. The struggle between these two forces is central to Zoroastrian theology.
4. Cosmic Battle:
   • Zoroastrianism teaches that the cosmic battle between Ahura Mazda and Angra Mainyu will ultimately culminate in the triumph of good over evil. This concept influenced later religions, including elements of Judeo-Christian eschatology.
5. Sacred Texts:
   • The primary sacred texts of Zoroastrianism are the Avesta, which includes the Gathas, Yasna, Vendidad, Visperad, and other hymns and prayers. The Gathas are the hymns attributed to Zoroaster and are considered the oldest and most sacred part of the Avesta.
6. Fire Worship:
   • Fire holds great symbolic significance in Zoroastrian rituals, representing purity and the presence of Ahura Mazda. Zoroastrian fire temples are places of worship where a sacred fire is maintained.
7. Ethical Code:
   • Zoroastrianism emphasizes ethical behavior, and followers are encouraged to live a righteous life by promoting truth, justice, and benevolence. The ethical principles are summarized in the phrase “Good Thoughts, Good Words, Good Deeds.”
8. Afterlife and Judgment:
   • Zoroastrianism teaches the existence of an afterlife where individuals are judged based on their deeds. The righteous are rewarded with eternal bliss in the presence of Ahura Mazda, while the wicked face punishment.
9. Tower of Silence:
   • Zoroastrians traditionally practice exposure or “sky burial” for the deceased, placing bodies on elevated structures called Towers of Silence to be exposed to the elements. This practice is based on the belief that the dead body is impure and should not pollute the earth, air, or water.
10. Decline and Diaspora:
    • Zoroastrianism was the dominant religion of the Persian Empire for many centuries. However, with the rise of Islam in the 7th century CE, Zoroastrianism gradually declined in its place of origin. Many Zoroastrians fled to India, where they became known as the Parsis.
11. Parsis in India:
    • The Parsis, descendants of Zoroastrian refugees who settled in India, have played a significant role in preserving and practicing Zoroastrianism. The Parsi community has made notable contributions to Indian society and commerce.

Despite its relatively small number of followers today, Zoroastrianism has left a lasting impact on religious thought and has influenced the development of later monotheistic religions. It continues to be practiced by communities in Iran, India, and diaspora communities around the world.