Convex is a term used in mathematics, geometry, physics, and even anthropology/archaeology (when describing shapes of artifacts or structures). It refers to a surface or shape that curves outward, with no internal angle greater than 180°.
🌍 Definition
- Convex (Geometry): A shape is convex if, for any two points inside it, the line segment connecting them lies entirely within the shape.
- Convex Surface: Outwardly curved, like the exterior of a sphere or dome.
- Contrast: Opposite of concave, which curves inward.
🔑 Characteristics
- Convex Polygon: All interior angles less than 180°, no indentations.
- Convex Lens: Thicker at the center than at the edges, converges light rays.
- Convex Mirror: Curves outward, diverges light rays, gives a wider field of view.
- Convex Function (Math): A function where the line segment between any two points on the graph lies above the curve.
📚 Anthropological & Archaeological Significance
- Artifact Description: Convex edges or surfaces are common in lithic tools (e.g., convex scrapers, convex blades).
- Architecture: Convex domes, arches, and mound structures reflect outward curvature.
- Material Culture: Convex forms often enhance strength, durability, or utility (e.g., convex shields, pottery bases).
- Optics in Technology: Convex lenses used in ancient magnifiers and modern instruments.
🛠 Examples
- Geometry: A circle, square, or regular polygon is convex.
- Optics: Convex lenses in eyeglasses focus light for farsighted vision.
- Archaeology: Convex scraper edges used for hide processing.
- Architecture: Convex domes in Roman and Islamic structures.
In short: Convex describes outward-curving shapes or sets where connecting points remain inside, a concept vital in geometry, optics, artifact analysis, and architecture.