Subatomic particles are particles that are smaller than atoms. Atoms are composed of subatomic particles, and these particles include protons, neutrons, and electrons. Protons and neutrons are found in the nucleus of an atom, while electrons orbit the nucleus. Additionally, there are more elementary particles, such as quarks and leptons, which are considered fundamental building blocks of matter. Here are some key subatomic particles:

1. Proton:
   • Charge: +1 elementary charge
   • Mass: Approximately 1.673 x 10^-27 kg
   • Location: Found in the nucleus of an atom
   • Symbol: �+p+
2. Neutron:
   • Charge: 0 (neutral)
   • Mass: Approximately 1.675 x 10^-27 kg
   • Location: Found in the nucleus of an atom
   • Symbol: �0n0
3. Electron:
   • Charge: -1 elementary charge
   • Mass: Approximately 9.109 x 10^-31 kg
   • Location: Orbits the nucleus in electron clouds
   • Symbol: �−e−
4. Quark:
   • Quarks are elementary particles that combine to form protons and neutrons. There are six types, or “flavors,” of quarks: up, down, charm, strange, top, and bottom.
5. Lepton:
   • Leptons are a group of elementary particles that include electrons and neutrinos. There are three types of charged leptons: electron (�−e−), muon (�−μ−), and tau (�−τ−), and three corresponding types of neutrinos.
6. Photon:
   • Photons are elementary particles that carry the electromagnetic force. They have zero rest mass and travel at the speed of light. Photons are associated with electromagnetic waves.
7. Gluon:
   • Gluons are elementary particles that mediate the strong nuclear force, which binds quarks together within protons and neutrons.
8. W and Z Bosons:
   • W and Z bosons are elementary particles that mediate the weak nuclear force, responsible for processes like beta decay.

These subatomic particles are classified based on their properties, such as charge, mass, and the forces they interact with. The Standard Model of particle physics provides a framework for understanding the behavior of these particles and their interactions. Additionally, experiments at particle accelerators, such as the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), aim to explore the properties and interactions of subatomic particles to deepen our understanding of the fundamental nature of matter and forces in the universe.