Butane (C4H10) is a hydrocarbon compound that consists of four carbon atoms and ten hydrogen atoms. It’s an alkane and belongs to the group of saturated hydrocarbons. Here are some important points about butane:

1. Molecular Structure: Butane can exist in two isomeric forms: n-butane (normal butane) and isobutane (2-methylpropane). Both isomers have four carbon atoms and ten hydrogen atoms, but they have different arrangements of atoms.
   • n-Butane: This is the straight-chain isomer, where the carbon atoms are arranged in a linear sequence.
   • Isobutane: This is the branched-chain isomer, with a central carbon atom bonded to three other carbon atoms.
2. Physical Properties: Butane is a colorless and odorless gas at standard temperature and pressure (STP). Like propane, it becomes a liquid at relatively low pressures and is commonly stored and transported in its liquid form.
3. Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG): Butane is another significant component of LPG, along with propane. LPG is used for a variety of applications, including heating, cooking, and fueling vehicles.
4. Energy Source: Butane is used as a fuel in portable camping stoves, lighters, and as a propellant in aerosol sprays. It is also utilized in some residential and industrial heating systems.
5. Chemical Feedstock: Butane is used as a feedstock in the petrochemical industry to produce various chemicals and materials, including plastics, synthetic rubber, and other chemical compounds.
6. Isomerization: The isomerization of butane, specifically converting n-butane to isobutane, has industrial significance. Isobutane is used in the production of high-octane gasoline through alkylation processes.
7. Alternative Fuel: Like propane, butane is used as an alternative fuel in some vehicles. It’s considered an option for certain applications due to its clean-burning properties.
8. Storage and Transportation: Similar to propane, butane is transported and stored as a liquid under pressure in specially designed containers.
9. Refrigeration: Isobutane is sometimes used as a refrigerant in small-scale refrigeration systems and air conditioning units.
10. Aerosol Propellants: Butane’s properties make it suitable as a propellant in aerosol products, such as hairsprays, deodorants, and insecticides.

The versatility of butane, along with its use in LPG, chemical production, and various other applications, makes it an important hydrocarbon in both the energy and industrial sectors.