Collateral flaking in anthropology/archaeology refers to a stone tool–making technique where flakes are struck from the sides of a biface or blade, running toward the center, creating a series of parallel scars across the surface. It is a hallmark of certain Paleoindian projectile points and other lithic technologies.
🌍 Definition
- Collateral Flaking: A controlled flintknapping method in which flakes are removed from the lateral edges of a tool toward the midline.
- Result: Produces a patterned, often symmetrical arrangement of flake scars that meet along the center ridge.
- Contrast:
- Parallel flaking: Flakes removed in the same direction, often longitudinal.
- Collateral flaking: Flakes removed from opposite sides, converging toward the center.
🔑 Characteristics
- Appearance: Creates a herringbone or chevron-like scar pattern across the blade.
- Technique: Requires precise control of striking angle and force to maintain symmetry.
- Functionality: Produces sharp, durable cutting edges while thinning the tool.
- Association: Common in Paleoindian projectile points such as Clovis, Folsom, and Copena lanceolate types.
📚 Archaeological Significance
- Diagnostic Trait: Collateral flaking is used to identify specific point types and cultural traditions.
- Skill Indicator: Reflects advanced craftsmanship and cognitive planning in lithic technology.
- Comparative Value: Helps archaeologists distinguish between regional styles and chronological phases of tool-making.
- Equifinality Challenge: Different flaking techniques can sometimes produce similar scars, complicating identification.
In short: Collateral flaking is a distinctive lithic technique where flakes are struck from the sides toward the center, producing symmetrical scar patterns that define many Paleoindian projectile points.
