Unlike some other European nations, Italy did not have a significant overseas empire during the age of exploration and colonization that characterized the 15th to 17th centuries. However, Italy played a crucial role in the Roman Empire, which was one of the most extensive empires in ancient history. The Roman Empire, centered in Rome, controlled vast territories across Europe, Africa, and Asia.

The modern concept of the Italian Empire typically refers to Italy’s imperialistic ventures during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Italy was a relatively latecomer to the imperialist game compared to other European powers. Its imperial ambitions were mainly realized during the Fascist regime under Benito Mussolini.

1. Italian Colonialism in Africa:
   • Ethiopia (Abyssinia): Italy attempted to establish an empire in Africa during the late 19th century. The First Italo-Ethiopian War (1895-1896) ended in defeat for Italy at the Battle of Adwa, and Ethiopia retained its independence.
   • Eritrea and Somalia: Italy managed to establish colonies in Eritrea and Somalia during the Scramble for Africa in the late 19th century. These territories became part of Italian East Africa in the 20th century.
2. Second Italo-Ethiopian War (1935-1936):
   • Mussolini sought to avenge Italy’s previous defeat and launched the Second Italo-Ethiopian War. Italian forces, using modern weapons, invaded Ethiopia, resulting in the conquest of the country and its annexation into the Italian Empire in 1936.
3. Italian Empire during World War II:
   • During World War II, Italy sought to expand its empire further. Italian forces participated in the Axis invasion of North Africa, capturing parts of Egypt and engaging in conflicts with British forces.
4. Collapse of the Italian Empire:
   • Italy’s imperial ambitions faced significant challenges during World War II, and by 1943, Italian territories in Africa were lost to the Allies. The defeat of the Axis powers, including Italy, led to the dismantling of its overseas empire.

In summary, while Italy had historical imperial influence through the Roman Empire, its more modern imperialistic ventures were relatively short-lived, with the Abyssinian and North African territories being the primary components of the Italian Empire in the 19th and 20th centuries. The collapse of the empire occurred with Italy’s defeat in World War II.