In anthropology, aerial photography is a survey and documentation method that uses images taken from aircraft or drones to study landscapes, archaeological sites, and cultural features. It has revolutionized archaeological anthropology by revealing patterns invisible from the ground.

🌍 What Is Aerial Photography in Anthropology?

• Definition: The use of photographs taken from above (planes, drones, satellites) to record and analyze human activity and cultural landscapes.
• Purpose: Helps anthropologists and archaeologists identify settlement patterns, ancient roads, agricultural fields, and ceremonial structures.
• Advantage: Provides a “big picture” view of sites, often uncovering features missed in ground surveys.

🔑 Applications in Anthropology

• Archaeological Survey
  • Reveals buried structures through crop marks, soil discoloration, or shadow patterns.
  • Example: Discovery of Roman roads and prehistoric enclosures in Europe.
• Settlement Studies
  • Maps villages, towns, and urban layouts to understand social organization.
• Environmental Anthropology
  • Tracks land use changes, deforestation, irrigation systems, and human impact on landscapes.
• Cultural Heritage Management
  • Documents and monitors sites for preservation, especially those threatened by development or climate change.

📚 Methods and Techniques

• Vertical Photography: Straight-down shots for mapping and GIS integration.
• Oblique Photography: Angled shots that highlight relief and shadow, useful for spotting features.
• Infrared Photography: Detects vegetation stress, revealing buried structures.
• Drone Imaging: Modern, cost-effective method for high-resolution site documentation.

📌 Key Takeaway

Aerial photography in anthropology is a powerful tool for uncovering, mapping, and preserving cultural landscapes, offering insights into both ancient and modern human activity.

Sources: Anthroholic overview of aerial photography in archaeology; Archive.org bibliography on applications of aerial photography in anthropology.