Ammonium sulfate, with the chemical formula (NH4)2SO4, is a chemical compound composed of ammonium ions (NH4+) and sulfate ions (SO4^2-). It is a white, crystalline solid that is highly soluble in water.

Ammonium sulfate has several key properties and uses, including:

1. Fertilizer: One of the primary uses of ammonium sulfate is as a nitrogen-based fertilizer in agriculture. It provides a significant source of nitrogen, which is a crucial nutrient for plant growth. The sulfate ions also contribute sulfur, another essential element for plant development.
2. Flame Retardant: It is used as a flame retardant in certain materials and products to reduce flammability.
3. Water Treatment: Ammonium sulfate is used in water treatment processes to precipitate and remove certain heavy metals from water.
4. Food Additive: It is approved as a food additive in some countries and is used as a dough conditioner in baking and as a yeast nutrient in brewing.
5. Industrial Applications: Ammonium sulfate is used in various industrial processes, such as in the manufacturing of certain chemicals and in fire extinguishing solutions.

Ammonium sulfate is generally considered safe for its intended uses when handled properly. However, it should be used in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions, and unnecessary exposure should be avoided.

As a fertilizer, ammonium sulfate provides a readily available nitrogen source to plants, making it valuable in agriculture. Additionally, its use as a flame retardant, water treatment agent, and food additive highlights its versatility in various industries.