Antimony(V) chloride, also known as antimony pentachloride, is a chemical compound with the formula SbCl5. It is an important and highly reactive compound of antimony and chlorine.

Here are some key points about antimony(V) chloride:

1. Structure: Antimony(V) chloride is a covalent compound with a molecular structure where one antimony (Sb) atom is bonded to five chlorine (Cl) atoms.
2. Preparation: Antimony(V) chloride is typically prepared by reacting antimony metal or antimony trioxide (Sb2O3) with excess chlorine gas (Cl2).
3. Color and State: Antimony(V) chloride is a yellowish or colorless liquid at room temperature and pressure. It has a pungent odor and fumes in air due to its reactivity with moisture.
4. Lewis Acid: Like antimony(III) chloride, antimony(V) chloride is also a Lewis acid, meaning it can accept a pair of electrons during chemical reactions.
5. Reactivity: Antimony(V) chloride is a highly reactive and corrosive compound. It reacts vigorously with water to form antimony oxychlorides and hydrochloric acid.
6. Uses: Antimony(V) chloride is mainly used as a Lewis acid catalyst in various chemical reactions, particularly in the synthesis of organic compounds.
7. Safety Considerations: Due to its highly reactive nature, antimony(V) chloride should be handled with extreme caution. It can cause severe burns upon contact with skin or eyes and emits toxic fumes when exposed to moisture.

Antimony(V) chloride’s strong Lewis acidic properties make it valuable as a catalyst in numerous chemical reactions. However, its reactivity and corrosiveness demand careful handling and containment to ensure the safety of those working with the compound. Appropriate safety measures, such as working in a well-ventilated area, using protective equipment, and avoiding contact with moisture, should be observed when working with antimony(V) chloride.