In North American archaeology, a bannerstone is a carved, often polished stone artifact associated with atlatls (spear-throwers) and dating primarily to the Archaic period (ca. 6000–1000 B.C.). These objects are among the most enigmatic and aesthetically refined tools of prehistoric hunter-gatherers.

🌍 Definition

• Bannerstone: A symmetrically shaped, perforated stone, often made of slate, banded slate, or other fine-grained minerals.
• Function: Generally interpreted as a weight or counterbalance for atlatls, though ritual or symbolic roles are also debated.
• Etymology: Named “bannerstone” in the 19th century because their shapes resembled heraldic banners.

🔑 Archaeological Contexts

• Atlatl Technology:
  • Bannerstones were attached to spear-throwers to improve balance, accuracy, or efficiency.
  • Some scholars argue they served as ritualized hunting charms rather than purely functional weights.
• Craftsmanship:
  • Made from carefully selected minerals (banded slate, quartzite, hematite, marble).
  • Polished to high finish, often with elaborate symmetrical designs.
• Burial & Ritual Use:
  • Frequently found in graves, suggesting symbolic or prestige value.
  • Some may have been “ritual tools” marking status or identity.
• Regional Distribution:
  • Common in the Eastern Woodlands of North America, especially the Ohio Valley.

📚 Importance in Anthropology

• Technological Insight: Bannerstones highlight the sophistication of Archaic hunter-gatherer toolkits.
• Cultural Identity: Their elaborate designs suggest they were more than utilitarian—possibly prestige items.
• Comparative Value: Illustrates how functional tools can acquire symbolic meaning.
• Interdisciplinary Interest: Studied by archaeologists, anthropologists, and materials scientists for both function and artistry.

In short: Bannerstones are finely crafted, perforated stone artifacts from the Archaic period, likely used as atlatl weights but also carrying ritual and symbolic significance.