In archaeology and lithic analysis, the basal edge refers to the bottom margin of a stone tool or projectile point, opposite the tip. It is a key diagnostic feature used to classify and interpret artifacts, especially in North American Paleoindian and Archaic contexts.

🌍 Definition

• Basal Edge: The lower edge of a projectile point, biface, or blade, typically where hafting (attachment to a shaft or handle) occurs.
• Orientation: Opposite the point or blade tip; often modified for hafting stability.

🔑 Archaeological Contexts

• Projectile Points:
  • Basal edges may be straight, concave, convex, or notched.
  • Shape and treatment (ground, thinned, fluted) are diagnostic of cultural traditions.
• Hafting Technology:
  • Basal edges are often ground smooth to prevent cutting sinew bindings.
  • Thinning or fluting at the base facilitates secure attachment to shafts.
• Typology & Chronology:
  • Distinct basal edge forms help identify point types (e.g., Clovis points with fluted basal edges).
  • Variations mark technological traditions and time periods.

📚 Importance in Anthropology

• Functional Insight: Reveals how tools were hafted and used.
• Cultural Identity: Basal edge styles are markers of specific archaeological cultures.
• Comparative Value: Enables classification of lithic assemblages across sites and regions.
• Material Culture: Reflects choices in mineral resources (flint, obsidian, chert) and craftsmanship.

In short: The basal edge is the bottom margin of a stone tool or projectile point, crucial for hafting and classification in lithic analysis.