In archaeology, baulks are the unexcavated strips of earth left standing between excavation squares or trenches. They serve as reference walls that preserve the stratigraphy (layering) of a site, allowing archaeologists to study soil profiles and maintain spatial control during excavation.

🌍 Definition

• Baulk: A vertical section of earth deliberately left unexcavated between dig units.
• Function: Provides a visible record of stratigraphy, helps control excavation boundaries, and stabilizes trenches.
• Etymology: From Old English balca (“ridge, bank”).

🔑 Archaeological Contexts

• Excavation Grids:
  • Sites are often divided into squares (e.g., 5×5 m). Baulks separate these squares.
  • They allow archaeologists to “read” soil layers across the site.
• Stratigraphic Control:
  • Baulks preserve vertical profiles showing cultural deposits, natural layers, and features.
• Practical Role:
  • Provide walkways for archaeologists.
  • Prevent collapse of excavation walls.
• Recording:
  • Baulk faces are carefully drawn, photographed, and described to document stratigraphy.

📚 Importance in Anthropology

• Methodological Insight: Baulks are essential for stratigraphic excavation, ensuring accurate interpretation of cultural sequences.
• Cultural Identity: Stratigraphy revealed in baulks helps reconstruct occupation phases, construction events, and abandonment processes.
• Comparative Value: Baulks link horizontal excavation (exposing features) with vertical analysis (layering).

In short: Baulks are unexcavated earth strips left between trenches or squares, crucial for recording stratigraphy and maintaining excavation control.