The Chavín culture was an ancient civilization that flourished in the central Andean region of South America, particularly in what is now Peru, during the Late Initial Period and Early Horizon (circa 900 BCE to 200 BCE). The Chavín civilization is known for its influential religious and artistic developments, and it laid the foundation for subsequent Andean cultures.

Key features of the Chavín culture include:

1. Chavín de Huántar: The primary archaeological site associated with the Chavín culture is Chavín de Huántar, a ceremonial and religious center located in the Andean highlands of Peru. This site served as the focal point for religious activities and likely played a crucial role in the diffusion of Chavín culture.
2. Ceremonial Architecture: Chavín de Huántar features impressive stone architecture, including temples, plazas, and underground galleries. The most well-known structure is the Lanzón, a carved stone monolith housed in a central chamber, which is considered a representation of the Chavín deity.
3. Chavín Art: The Chavín people created distinctive art characterized by intricate carvings and sculptures. Common motifs include anthropomorphic and zoomorphic figures, as well as stylized animals. The Lanzón and the Tello Obelisk are notable examples of Chavín art.
4. Religious Symbolism: The Chavín culture was highly religious, and their artwork often reflects a complex system of religious beliefs. The Lanzón, for instance, is thought to represent a deity associated with agriculture, fertility, and water.
5. Ceremonial Complexes: Chavín de Huántar is part of a larger network of ceremonial centers and complexes in the Andean highlands. These sites may have served as pilgrimage destinations and played a role in the dissemination of Chavín religious and artistic influence.
6. Cultural Influence: The Chavín culture had a significant impact on subsequent Andean civilizations. Elements of Chavín art and religious symbolism can be seen in later cultures such as the Moche, Nazca, and even the Wari and Inca civilizations.
7. Trade and Interaction: The Chavín people were engaged in trade networks, exchanging goods with coastal and highland communities. This facilitated the spread of Chavín influence and ideas across the Andean region.

The decline of the Chavín culture is not entirely understood, but it is believed to have occurred around 200 BCE. Subsequent cultures in the Andean region built upon the legacy of Chavín, contributing to the rich cultural tapestry of pre-Columbian South America.