The Dolmens of the North Caucasus are ancient megalithic structures found in the North Caucasus region of Russia. Dolmens are a type of prehistoric monument characterized by the use of large stones to create a structure, usually consisting of a large flat stone supported by smaller stones to form a chamber. The North Caucasus region is home to numerous dolmens, and they are considered important archaeological and cultural landmarks.

Key features and information about the Dolmens of the North Caucasus:

1. Geographical Location:
   • The dolmens are scattered across the North Caucasus, a region that includes parts of Russia such as Adygea, Karachay-Cherkessia, Krasnodar Krai, and Stavropol Krai. The exact number of dolmens is not precisely known, as new discoveries continue to be made.
2. Construction:
   • Dolmens are typically constructed with large flat stones, often forming a chamber or small room. The stones were quarried and then arranged to create a structure, with a large capstone serving as the roof.
3. Chronology:
   • The Dolmens of the North Caucasus date back to the Bronze Age, with estimates ranging from the 4th to the 2nd millennium BCE. They are part of the broader megalithic traditions found in various parts of the world.
4. Variety of Dolmens:
   • The dolmens in the North Caucasus display a variety of architectural styles. Some have a simple design with a single chamber, while others are more complex, featuring multiple chambers or additional features.
5. Purpose and Function:
   • The exact purpose of the dolmens remains a subject of debate among archaeologists. Various theories suggest that they were used as burial chambers, religious or ritual sites, or even as astronomical observatories. The function may have varied across different dolmens.
6. Cultural Significance:
   • The Dolmens of the North Caucasus are considered culturally significant and are associated with the ancient people who inhabited the region. They represent the architectural and technological achievements of the prehistoric societies in the area.
7. Megalithic Culture:
   • The construction of dolmens reflects a megalithic culture that was present in different parts of the world during the prehistoric period. Similar megalithic structures can be found in Europe, Asia, and other regions.
8. Archaeological Studies:
   • Archaeological studies of the Dolmens of the North Caucasus have focused on understanding their construction techniques, cultural context, and the beliefs and practices of the people who built them.
9. Preservation Challenges:
   • The dolmens face challenges related to preservation, including natural erosion, weathering, and human activities. Efforts are made to document and protect these ancient structures.

The Dolmens of the North Caucasus are significant archaeological features that contribute to our understanding of the ancient cultures that once thrived in the region. The mystery surrounding their exact purpose adds to their intrigue, making them an area of ongoing research and exploration.